Unidirectional – equipped with a single membrane for the entire web.
Bidirectional – equipped with two separate diaphragms for high and low frequencies.
Three-way system – equipped with an additional system for mid-range sounds.
Four-way system – equipped with an additional system called a supertweeter.
A less specific but still existing classification is based on construction. Here, we distinguish:
Cone or bi-cone speakers, equipped with a rigid diaphragm with high sound directivity, are often the first choice for factory speakers in automobiles.
Dome speakers , equipped with a convex diaphragm, this type of construction is characteristic of midrange and treble speakers.
Piezoelectric speakers, i.e. high-frequency speakers (tweeter) with a low-quality range.
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Ribbon speakers, which belong to the group of high-frequency speakers with a metal diaphragm that is driven by the passage of electric current.
Basic Car Speaker Settings – When considering purchasing a new speaker system, it is important to understand the basic parameters of the device and its structure. The diaphragm is one of the main components of any speaker. The quality of the sound depends largely on the materials it is made of. Diaphragms are made from a variety of materials, including paper, polypropylene, aluminum, and fiberglass, and their properties affect the clarity of the sound. The main parameters of the diaphragm include stiffness (cm²), diameter (D), and maximum diaphragm deflection (Xm²). In addition to the speaker diaphragm, other parameters that characterize the speakers should be considered:
Audio bandwidth (resonance frequency) – This refers to the range of frequencies supported by the car speaker. When talking about bandwidth, it is important to mention the range of human hearing. Here, we are talking about the frequency range of 16 Hz to 20,000 Hz, where 16 Hz is the lower limit for low frequencies and 20,000 Hz is the upper limit for high frequencies.